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dmagic.txt
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1990-02-12
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570 lines
*************************************************************************
─╔╙╦ ═┴╟╔├
*************************************************************************
╙┼╠┼├╘╔╬╟ ─╔╙╦╙
---------------
├OMMODORE DISK DRIVES SPECIFY THE USE OF SOFT SECTORED DISKS WHICH ARE
THE TYPE WITH A SINGLE INDEX HOLE PUNCHED INTO THE MAGNETIC MEDIA. ╔N
REALITY, ├OMMODORE DRIVES DON'T USE THE DISK INDEX HOLE AT ALL, SO THEY
WILL WORK WITH HARD SECTORED (MANY-HOLED) DISKS AS WELL.
╘┼═╨┼╥┴╘╒╥┼
--------------
╔F A FLOPPY DISK HAS BEEN EXPOSED TO COLD TEMPERATURES FOR ANY LENGTH OF
TIME IT MUST BE ALLOWED TO SLOWLY WARM TO ROOM TEMPERATURE. ╔F YOU RECORD
ON A COLD DISK, YOU NOT BE ABLE TO READ IT WHEN IT IS WARMED. ┴LWAYS ALLOW
YOUR DISKS TO WARM SLOWLY AND NEVER USE ANY SORT OF ARTIFICIAL HEAT SOURCE.
┘OU SHOULD USE THE SAME PRECAUTIONS WITH DISKS THAT HAVE BECOME OVERLY HOT
FOR SOME REASON.
(ED.NOTE: ╘HIS ALSO APPLIES TO DISK DRIVES. ╔ KEEP A WINDOW OPEN AT NIGHT
AND SOMETIMES HAVE TO WARM THE DRIVES FOR 5 MINUTES BEFORE INSERTING A
DISK.)
─╔╙╦ ├┴╥┼
---------
╘O HELP PREVENT DAMAGE TO YOUR DISKS (DUST, SMOKE, SPILLS, ETC.) YOU CAN
STORE THEM INDIVIDUALLY IN ┌IPLOC SANDWICH BAGS. ╘HE BAGS ARE WATERPROOF
AND TRANSPARENT (SO YOU CAN EASILY READ THE LABELS).
─╔╙╦ ─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘
--------------
(PRINTED COPY) - ╔T'S VERY USEFUL TO TAPE A PRINTED COPY OF THE DIRECTORY
TO THE DISK'S PROTECTIVE ENVELOPE. ╘HE FOLLOWING COMMAND SEQUENCE WILL
PRINT IT:
╠╧┴─"$",8 [╥┼╘╒╥╬]
╧╨┼╬4,4,7:├═─4:╠╔╙╘ [╥┼╘╒╥╬]
╫HEN THE PRINTING IS DONE ENTER THIS TO CLOSE THE CHANNEL TO THE PRINTER:
╨╥╔╬╘#4:├╠╧╙┼4 [╥┼╘╒╥╬]
╥EMEMBER--?# IS ╬╧╘ AN ACCEPTABLE ABBREVIATION FOR ╨╥╔╬╘# -- IF YOU USE
ABBREVIATIONS. ╘HE CORRECT ABBREVIATION FOR ╨╥╔╬╘# IS '╨ SHIFTED ╥'.
╫╧╥╦ ─╔╙╦╙
----------
─ESIGNATE A COUPLE OF DISKS JUST FOR PROGRAMMING. ─O ALL OF YOUR PROGRAM
ENTRY AND EDITING ON THESE DISKS AND WHEN YOU HAVE A FINAL VERSION--SAVE
IT TO ANOTHER DISK. ╘HIS SAVES WEAR AND TEAR ON YOUR GOOD DISKS AND
PREVENTS YOU FROM OVERWRITING OR CLOBBERING OTHER PROGRAMS BY MISTAKE.
╫HEN YOU WORK DISKS ARE FULL--REFORMAT THEM AND USE THEM AGAIN, ┬UT BE
SURE YOU HAVE MADE BACKUPS OF ANYTHING WORTH SAVING FIRST.
─╧╫╬╠╧┴─ ─╔╙╦╙
--------------
╘HIS SAME IDEA IS ALSO GOOD FOR TELECOMPUTING. ╞ORMAT A FEW DISKS (BOTH
SIDES IF YOU LIKE) JUST TO BE USED FOR DOWNLOADING PROGRAMS AND WHEN YOU
ARE SURE THEY WORK PROPERLY, SAVE THEM TO A 'PERMANENT' DISK. ╔F YOU
BUFFER MENUS OR MESSAGES OR BULLETINS, SAVE YOUR BUFFER TO THIS DISK.
┘OU CAN NAME IT SOMETHING LIKE '├╥├ 8/26'...╠ATER YOU CAN LOAD IT INTO A
WORD PROCESSOR AND REFORMAT IT TO 80 COLUMNS FOR PRINTING AND SAVING.
╘HEN DELETE THE FILE ON YOUR ─/╠ DISK AND YOUR READY FOR THE NEXT ONLINE
SESSION.
(ED.NOTE: ╔TS A BETTER IDEA TO ALSO SAVE THOSE TEXT (╙┼╤) FILES TO A DISK
THAT YOU DESIGNATE AS "╘╔╨╙" OR "╚┼╠╨" OR "╫HATEVER". ╔ DIDN'T SAVE THOSE
FILES TO DISK IN EARLIER DAYS AND NOW ╔ SURE WISH ╔ HAD THEM . ╫OULD HAVE
SAVED AN AWFUL LOT OF TYPING NOW.)
─╔╙╦ ╠╔┬╥┴╥┘ ╘╔╨
----------------
╞ORMAT A DISK CALLED '╒TILITIES' AND USE IT TO SAVE ALL THE HELPFUL
TRICKS AND SUB-ROUTINES YOU FIND IN MAGAZINES AND ON ┬┬╙ ─/╠'S AND
ELSEWHERE. ┬E SURE TO INCLUDE MERGE & APPEND PROGRAMS SO YOU CAN ADD
THESE TOOLS TO YOUR OTHER PROGRAMS. ╔F YOU NAME THE SUBROUTINES BY THEIR
PURPOSE IT IS EASIER TO WORK WITH THEM.
─╔╙╦ ─╥╔╓┼ ╙╘╔╠╘╙
-----------------
┘OU CAN KEEP YOUR DISK DRIVE RUNNING COOL BY SAWING THROUGH FOUR NEW
PENCILS ABOUT TWO INCHES FROM THE ERASER AND PLACING THE CUT ENDS INTO
THE SCREW HOLES ON THE BOTTOM OF THE DRIVE. ╘HE ERASER ENDS REST AGAINST
YOUR TABLE AND RAISE THE DRIVE HIGH ENOUGH TO HELP KEEP IT COOL.
(ED. NOTE: ╔ RUN A ┬┬╙ 24 HOURS A DAY ON A C64 & 4 DISK DRIVES. ├OOLING
IS VERY IMPORTANT TO ME. ╔ HAVE USED THE ABOVE, BUT ╔ ALSO KEEP EVERY
PIECE OF EQUIPMENT ELEVATED WITH AIR SPACE ALL AROUND. ╔ USE STYROFOAM
BLOCKS FROM SHIPPING PACKAGES CUT TO THE SIZE ╔ NEED.)
─╔╙╦ ├╧╧╠┼╥
-----------
╘AKE A ├LEAN ┴IR ═ACHINE SUCH AS THE ╬ORELCO AND SIT IT ON THE DRIVE
DIRECTLY OVER THE VENTS. ╔TS FAN PULLS AIR IN FROM THE BOTTOM AND
SIMULTANEOUSLY COOLS THE DRIVE AND TAKES THE STATIC AND DUST OUT OF THE
AIR. ╔TS EFFECTIVENESS CAN BE IMPROVED EVEN MORE BY WRAPPING A PIECE OF
MASKING TAPE AROUND ITS LEGS TO FORCE MORE OF THE AIR TO FLOW THROUGH
THE DISK DRIVE.
╙┴╓┼ ╘╚┴╘ ─┴╘┴╙╙┼╘╘┼!
---------------------
╚OW MANY OF YOU STARTED OUT YEARS AGO WITH THE INFAMOUS ├OMMODORE
─ATASSETTE? ╫ELL, NOW THAT YOU FINALLY HAVE THAT DISK DRIVE, DON'T PUT
YOUR ─ATASSETTE IN THE CLOSET. ═AKE BACKUP COPIES OF YOUR IMPORTANT
PROGRAMS ON TAPE, SO YOU WON'T BE OUT OF BUSINESS IF YOUR DISK DRIVE GETS
SICK.
╧NE ├-60 OR ├-90 CASSETTE WILL HOLD A LOT OF PROGRAMS, AND BY USING THE
TAPE COUNTER TO MAKE AN INDEX, YOU CAN MAKE THEM EASY TO FIND.
╚┼┴─ ├╠┼┴╬╔╬╟
-------------
╙OME COMMERCIAL HEAD-CLEANING DISKS REQUIRE 20-30 SECONDS OF OPERATIONS
WITH THE RED LIGHT ON TO GET GOOD RESULTS. ╘HE FOLLOWING SIMPLE PROGRAM
WILL ACCOMPLISH THIS:
10 ╧╨┼╬ 15,8,15
20 ╨╥╔╬╘#15,'╔'
30 ╔╬╨╒╘#15,┴,┬$,├,─
40 ╬=╬+1:╔╞ ╬<15 ╘╚┼╬ 20
╔N LINE 10 JUST SUBSTITUTE YOUR DEVICE NUMBER FOR THE 8 IF YOU ARE TRYING
CLEAN A DISK DRIVE YOU ARE USING AS A DEVICE NUMBERED 9-15.
─╔╙╦ ┼╥╥╧╥ ─┼╘┼├╘╔╧╬
--------------------
╔F THE RED LIGHT ON YOUR DISK DRIVE STARTS TO FLASH, SOME SORT OF DISK
ERROR HAS OCCURRED, AND YOU CAN EASILY TELL WHICH ERROR IT IS. ╫HILE THE
LIGHT IS FLASHING, ADD THE FOLLOWING LINE TO YOUR PROGRAM. ╩UST TYPE IT
IN ON THE KEYBOARD:
0 ╧╨┼╬ 15,8,15:╔╬╨╒╘#15,┴,┬$:╨╥╔╬╘ ┴,┬$:├╠╧╙┼15:┼╬─ [╥┼╘╒╥╬]
(╘HE ABOVE IS ALL ONE LINE...)
╘HEN ╥╒╬ THE PROGRAM. ╘HE ╠┼─ WILL GO OUT AND THE ERROR NUMBER WILL
APPEAR ON THE SCREEN. ┘OU CAN FIND EXPLANATIONS FOR EACH ERROR NUMBER ON
PAGES 43-46 OF THE 1541 ╒SER'S ═ANUAL.
─╔╙╦ ─╥╔╓┼ ├╥┴╙╚ ╘┼╙╘
---------------------
╘HE 1541 DISK DRIVE HAS A HABIT OF OCCASIONALLY LOCKING UP IN THE MIDDLE
OF AN OPERATION. ╫HEN YOU ARE LOADING OR SAVING A LONG PROGRAM, YOU OFTEN
DON'T KNOW IF THE OPERATION IS STILL GOING ON, OR IF YOUR SYSTEM HAS
LOCKED UP. ╘O CHECK IF THE OPERATION IS STILL GOING ON, PRESS THE '╙╚╔╞╘ &
├OMMODORE ╦EY' (AT THE SAME TIME) A FEW TIMES AND WATCH THE SCREEN. ╔F
THE CHARACTERS SHIFT BETWEEN UPPER AND LOWERCASE, THE OPERATION IS STILL
WORKING. ╘HIS WON'T WORK EVERYTIME, AS THE COMPUTER IS WORKING WITH THE
DISK ┴╬─ READING THE KEYBOARD. ┬UT, IF THE SHIFT DOESN'T OCCUR AFTER
SEVERAL TRIES, YOU CAN ASSUME THE DISK IS LOCKED UP AND YOU SHOULD RESTART
YOUR SYSTEM.
╘╥┴╬╤╒╔╠╔╘┘ ╘╔╨
---------------
╔F YOU PUT A DISK IN THE DRIVE AND IT READS THAT YOU HAVE LOST THE
DIRECTORY....─╧╬'╘ REFORMAT IT UNTIL YOU CLEAN THE DRIVE HEAD. ╙OMETIMES,
JUST SOME DUST OR DIRT ON THE DRIVE HEAD CAN CAUSE THIS PROBLEM.
┴╒╘╧ ─╔╙╦ ╠╧┴─
--------------
╔F YOU WANT TO LOAD AND ╥UN A PROGRAM TRY THIS:
╠╧┴─"PROGRAM NAME",8: (DO NOT PRESS RETURN)
╬OW, PRESS [╙HIFT] & [╥UN/╙TOP] AT THE SAME TIME.
THE COMPUTER WILL LOAD YOUR PROGRAM AND AUTOMATICALLY RUN IT!!!
┼┴╙┘ ─╔╙╦ ╠╧┴─╙
---------------
╠OADING A ╨ROGRAM FROM THE DIRECTORY CAN MAKE LOADS EASIER.
╠OAD'$',8
WILL LOAD THE DIRECTORY. ╘HEN, MOVE YOUR CURSOR UP TO THE DESIRED PROGRAM.
╘YPE IN AN ABBREVIATED ╠OAD ├OMMAND: [╠] [SHIFT]&[╧],8 (THEN SPACE OVER
TO OBLITERATE ╨╥╟), NOW PRESS [╥┼╘╒╥╬]...┘OUR PROGRAM WILL NOW LOAD. ╔F
THE PROGRAM IS LOADED WITH ,8,1 YOU DO NOT HAVE TO WIPE OUT THE ╨╥╟
ON THE DIRECTORY LINE...
╬┴═╔╬╟ ─╔╙╦ ╨╥╧╟╥┴═╙
---------------------
─ID EVERYONE KNOW THAT "0:*" IN PLACE OF "PROGRAM NAME" IN THE LOAD
COMMAND WILL ALWAYS LOAD THE FIRST PROGRAM ON A DISK???
╫ELL, IT DOES, SO IF YOU PLACE YOUR MOST USED PROGRAM FIRST ON A DISK,
YOU CAN LOAD IT WITH:
╠╧┴─"0;*",8,1
╔F ITS THE FIRST PROGRAM YOU ARE LOADING SINCE YOU TURNED EVERYTHING ON
YOU CAN GET BY WITH THIS EASIER COMMAND:
╠╧┴─"*",8,1
┴GAIN, IF IT IS A ┬ASIC PROGRAM, YOU ONLY NEED THE ,8 AT THE END. ╔F
THE PROGRAM IS ═╠, YOU NEED ,8,1 .
─╔╙╦ ╙┴╓┼ ╘╔╨
-------------
┘OU CAN SAVE SOME TIME BY COMBINING YOUR DISK ╙AVE
AND ╓ERIFY COMMANDS ON ONE LINE:
╙┴╓┼"PROGRAM NAME",8:╓┼╥╔╞┘"*",8 [╥┼╘╒╥╬]
╙╨╠┴╘ ╞╔╠┼
----------
╚AVE YOU EVER SEEN A DISK FILE IN YOUR DIRECTORY WITH AN ASTERISK NEXT TO
ITS FILE TYPE? ╘HE ASTERISK INDICATES THAT THE FILE WAS
NOT CLOSED PROPERLY, AND ANY ATTEMPT TO SCRATCH THE FILE WILL FURTHER
CORRUPT THE DISK. ╔T IS POSSIBLE TO
RECOVER THE DATA BY USING A COMMAND NOT DESCRIBED ANYWHERE BY ├OMMODORE.
╩UST TYPE THIS:
╧╨┼╬ 2,8,2,''FILENAME'',╙,═ [╥┼╘╒╥╬]
╬OW READ THE DATA OUT IN THE NORMAL FASHION. ┘OU WON'T BE ABLE TO READ
THE LAST DATA BLOCK IN THE FILE, HOWEVER, BECAUSE IT WAS NEVER
COMPLETELY WRITTEN. ┴FTER READING THE DATA FROM THE CORRUPT FILE, YOU
MIGHT WANT TO RECORD IT UNDER A DIFFERENT FILENAME. ╘HEN VALIDATE THE
DISK TO DELETE THE IMPROPERLY CLOSED FILE.
─╔╙╦ ╞╔╠┼ ┴╨╨┼╬─
----------------
┴ RARELY MENTIONED FEATURE OF THE ├OMMODORE DISK DRIVES (YOU WON'T EVER
FIND IT IN A MANUAL) IS THAT THEY ALLOW YOU TO APPEND DATA TO A
SEQUENTIAL FILE THAT ALREADY EXISTS ON THE DISK, WITHOUT FIRST LOADING THE
FILE INTO MEMORY. ┘OU NEED ONLY ADD ,┴ TO YOUR ╧PEN STATEMENT. ╫HEN YOU
THEN ENTER ╨╥╔╬╘# TO THAT FILE, THE DATA IS AUTOMATICALLY ADDED TO THE END
OF THE EXISTING FILE.
┼╪┴═╔╬╔╬╟ ─╔╙╦ ╞╔╠┼╙
--------------------
╨AGE 22 OF THE 1541 ╒SER'S ═ANUAL CONTAINS A SHORT PROGRAM THAT ALLOWS
YOU TO EXAMINE ANY FILE ON A DISK. ╚OWEVER, THE RESULTS ARE ALL IN ┴╙├╔╔,
WHICH IS NOT EASY TO READ. ┬Y CHANGING LINE 90 TO READ:
90 ╨╥╔╬╘ ┴$,
YOU CAN ╨EEK INTO THE CONTENTS OF ANY FILE, EVEN ╙┼╤UENTIAL AND ╥┼╠ATIVE
FILES. ╘HIS IS MOST USEFUL WHEN THE FILE CONTAINS TEXT, SINCE IT PRINTS
THE TEXT ITSELF RATHER THAN THE ┴╙├╔╔ EQUIVALENTS.
═╒╠╘╔╨╠┼ ╙├╥┴╘├╚┼╙
------------------
╔F YOU ARE TIRED OF DELETING ONE PROGRAM AT A TIME, TRY THIS:
╧╨┼╬ 15,8,15,"╙0:PRG1,PRG2,ETC.'':├╠╧╙┼ 15 [╥┼╘╒╥╬]
┘OU CAN DELETE UP TO 4 PROGRAMS AT A TIME AS LONG AS YOU PUT A COMMA IN
BETWEEN THEIR NAMES.
╬╧╘┼: ┘OU CANNOT USE ?# AS AN ABBREVIATION FOR ╨╥╔╬╘#. ╘HE CORRECT
ABBREVIATION IS [╨] [╙╚╔╞╘]&[╥].
╙╨┼├╔┴╠ ─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ ╠╧┴─
----------------------
╘HE FOLLOWING COMMAND ALLOWS YOU TO LOAD A DISK DIRECTORY CONSISTING ONLY
OF FILES OF A GIVEN TYPE -- ╨╥╟, ╙┼╤, ╥┼╠, AND SO ON:
╠╧┴─"$:*=╨'',8
╘HE ╨ STANDS FOR ╨╥O╟RAM FILE AND CAN EASILY BE REPLACED BY ╙ FOR ╙┼╤UENTIAL
FILE OR ╥ FOR ╥┼╠ATIVE FILE. ╫HEN THE ABOVE COMMAND IS GIVEN, AND THE DISK
IN THE DRIVE CONTAINS A MIXTURE OF FILE TYPES ONLY THE ╨╥╟ FILES WILL
APPEAR IN THE DIRECTORY READOUT.
┴┬┬╥┼╓╔┴╘┼─ ─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘
---------------------
┘OU CAN GET THE DISK NAME, ╔─, AND NUMBER OF BLOCKS FREE WITHOUT LISTING
ALL THE FILE NAMES BY USING:
╠╧┴─''$:'',8 [╥┼╘╒╥╬]
╠╔╙╘ [RETURN]
╬╧-╠╔╙╘ ─╔╙╦ ─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘
----------------------
┘OU CAN PREVENT A DISK'S DIRECTORY FROM BEING LISTED BY SAVING A
SPECIALLY-NAMED DUMMY PROGRAM AS THE LAST PROGRAM ON THE DISK. ╫HEN
ANYONE TRIES TO LIST THE DIRECTORY, THE SCREEN WILL CLEAR AND THE MESSAGE
─╧╬'╘ ─╧ ╘╚┴╘
WILL APPEAR. ╚ERE'S HOW TO DO IT:
1. ╨UT A 1-LINE DUMMY PROGRAM IN MEMORY.
2. ╘YPE ╙┴╓┼"
3. ╨RESS THE [╙╚╔╞╘]&[╥┼╘╒╥╬] KEYS SIMULTANEOUSLY.
4. ╥EPOSITION THE CURSOR IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE QUOTE MARKS.
5. ╘YPE [├╧╬╘╥╧╠]&[╥╓╙ ╧╬] [╙╚╔╞╘]&[═] [╙╚╔╞╘]&[╙] [├╘╥╠]&[╥╓╙ ╧╞╞]
─╧╬'╘ ─╧ ╘╚┴╘!'',8
6. ╨RESS THE[╥┼╘╒╥╬] KEY.
7. ╫AIT FOR THE DUMMY PROGRAM TO BE SAVED.
8. ╬OW, TRY TO LIST THE DIRECTORY!!
╙╚╧╥╘┼╥ ─╔╙╦ ├╧══┴╬─╙
---------------------
╫HEN FORMATTING A DISK, IT IS QUICKER AND EASIER TO TYPE THE FOLLOWING ALL
ON ONE LINE:
╧╨┼╬15,8,15,''╬0:DISKNAME,ID'':├╠╧╙┼ 15 [╥┼╘╒╥╬]
THAN IT IS TO TYPE THE OLD STANDARD 3-LINE VERSION. ╘HIS WAY, YOU CAN
LEAVE OUT THE ╨╥╔╬╘#15 AND THE COMMAND WILL WORK THE SAME WAY FOR ╙CRATCH,
╓ALIDATE, ╔NITIALIZE, ╥ENAME & ├OPY.
├-64 ╫┼─╟┼ ╘╥╔├╦╙
-----------------
╫HEN USING THE WEDGE, IF YOU HIT THE ╙╨┴├┼ ┬┴╥ WHILE LISTING YOUR
DIRECTORY, THE SCROLLING WILL STOP. ╚ITTING THE SPACE BAR AGAIN
WILL RESUME THE LISTING. ╨RESSING THE [╙╘╧╨] KEY WILL TERMINATE IT.
╘O LOAD A PRG WHILE USING THE WEDGE, GET ITS DIRECTORY ENTRY ON SCREEN,
THEN PRESS THE [╙╘╧╨] KEY. ═OVE YOUR CURSOR TO THE FIRST POSITION ON THE
SAME LINE AS THE DIRECTORY ENTRY, THEN TYPE A SLASH (/), OR AN UP-ARROW (^).
╨RESS THE [╥┼╘╒╥╬] KEY, AND YOUR PROGRAM WILL LOAD. ╔F YOU USED THE
UP-ARROW, THE PROGRAM WILL ╥╒╬ AUTOMATICALLY.
─╔╙╦ ╞╔╠┼ ╚┼╠╨
--------------
╙╨╠┴╘ ╞╔╠┼╙
┴ "SPLAT" FILE IS A FILE THAT WAS NOT PROPERLY CLOSED. ╫HEN THE
DIRECTORY IS LISTED, THESE FILES APPEAR WITH A "*" PRECEDING THEIR
FILE TYPE, AND NORMALLY CANNOT BE READ. ╚OWEVER, IF YOU USETHE "═"
PARAMETER, YOU MAY OPEN AND READ ANY UNCORRUPTED DATA.
╧╨┼╬8,8,8,"0:╞╔╠┼╬┴═┼,╙,═"
┴ "SPLAT" CORRUPTS THE DISKETTE. ╔T WILL DESTROY OTHER SEEMINGLY
UNRELATED DISK FILES. ╘HEREFORE, AFTER YOU HAVE READ THE DATA, YOU
SHOULD VALIDATE THE DISKETTE.
─╧ ╬╧╘ ╙├╥┴╘├╚ ╘╚┼ "╙╨╠┴╘" ╞╔╠┼!!!!
╘HE ONLY SAFE WAY TO REMOVE A "SPLAT" FILE IS TO ╓┴╠╔─┴╘┼ THE
DISKETTE, USING THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS IN THE DIRECT MODE:
╧╨┼╬15,8,15,"╓0":├╠╧╙┼ 15
********************************************************
├╠╧╙╔╬╟ ╞╔╠┼╙
╘O CLOSE ALL OPENED FILES USE THE FOLLOWING IN THE DIRECT MODE:
╧╨┼╬15,8,15:├╠╧╙┼ 15
**********************************************************
┴── ╘╧ ╞╔╠┼
╘HE ┴╨╨┼╬─ NOTATION "┴" CAN BE USED TO ADD DATA TO A SEQUENTIAL
DATA FILE. ╒SE THE FOLLOWING IN THE DIRECT MODE:
╧╨┼╬8,8,8,"0:╞╔╠┼╬┴═┼,╙,┴"
***********************************************************
╫╔╠─ ├┴╥─ ╒╙┼ ╘╧ ┴── ╘╧ ╞╔╠┼
┴ SPECIAL ╫╔╠─ ├┴╥─ NOTATION "═" CAN BE USED TO OPEN ┴╬┘ TYPE OF
FILE FOR APPENDING.
╧╨┼╬8,8,8,"0╞╔╠┼╬┴═┼,═,┴"
************************************************************
├╧╬├┴╘┼╬┴╘┼ ╘╧ ┴── ╘╧ ╞╔╠┼
┴NOTHER WAY OF ADDING INFORMATION TO A FILE IS ├╧╬├┴╘┼╬┴╘┼.
╘HIS JOINS TWO TO FOUR SEQUENTIAL DATA FILES INTO ONE.
╒SE THE FOLLOWING IN THE DIRECT MODE:
╧╨┼╬8,8,8,"0:╬┼╫╞╔╠┼=╞╔╠┼1,╞╔╠┼2,
╞╔╠┼3,╞╔╠┼4"
***************************************************************
╒╙╔╬╟ ═╒╠╘╔╨╠┼ ╨┴╥┴═┼╘┼╥╙
═ANY COMMANDS PERMIT THE USING MULTIPLE PARAMETERS. ╘HE FOLLOWING
IN THE DIRECT MODE WILL SCRATCH FILE1, FILE2, FILE3.
╧╨┼╬8,8,8,"╙0:╞╔╠┼1,╞╔╠┼2,╞╔╠┼3"
****************************************************************
├╚┴╬╟┼ ╞╔╠┼ ╘┘╨┼
┘OU MAY TRANSFORM A ┬┴╙╔├ PROGRAM INTO A SEQUENTIAL DATA FILE BY
LOADING THE ┬┴╙╔├ PROGRAM INTO MEMORY. ╘HEN ENTER THE FOLLOWING
IN DIRECT MODE:
╧╨┼╬8,8,8,"0:╞╔╠┼╬┴═┼,╙,╫":├═─8:╠╔╙╘
<╥ETURN>
-THEN-
╨╥╔╬╘#8:├╠╧╙┼8
<╥ETURN>
╒SE THE FOLLOWING TO CONVERT A SEQENTIAL FILE TO A PROGRAM. ╘HIS ONE IS
VERY HELPFUL IF YOU HAVE DOWNLOADED USING X MODEM WITH A ├├╟═╙ TERM
PROGRAM. ╠OAD IT INTO MEMORY AND THEN DO THE FOLLOWING IN DIRECT MODE:
╧╨┼╬8,8,8,"0:╞╔╠┼╬┴═┼,╨,╫":├═─8;╠╔╙╘
<╥ETURN>
-THEN-
╨╥╔╬╘#8:├╠╧╙┼8
<╥ETURN>
***************************************************************
╠╧┴─ ─╧╙ ╨╥╧╘┼├╘┼─ ╙╧╞╘╫┴╥┼
╘HE FOLLOWING IMMEDIATE MODE COMMANDS WILL STOP THE READ/WRITE
HEAD FROM BUMPING REPEATEDLY WHEN LOADING PROTECTED SOFTWARE:
╧╨┼╬15,8,15
╨╥╔╬╘#15,"═-╫";├╚╥$(0)├╚╥$(0)├╚╥$(1)
├╚╥$(133)
├╠╧╙┼15
(╬╧╘┼: ╘HESE CAN ALL BE ENTERED AS A SINGLE LINE OF COMMANDS
BY ADDING THE ":" COLONS.)
*****************************************************************
╧╬┼ ╙╘┼╨ ╠╧┴─ ┴╬─ ╥╒╬ ╞╧╥ ┬┴╙╔├ ╨╥╧╟╥┴═╙
╘O MAKE A PROGRAM LOAD AND RUN IN ONE STEP USE THE FOLLOWING:
╠╧┴─"╨╥╧╟╥┴═",8:[╙╚╔╞╘][╥╒╬-╙╘╧╨]
(╬╧╘┼ THE COLON AFTER THE DIGIT 8)
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┼┴╙┘ ┬┴╙╔├ ╠╧┴─
╘O MAKE ┬┴╙╔├ PROGRAMS EASIER TO LOAD, USE THIS SPECIAL FORMAT:
╙┴╓┼"0:╬┴═┼[╙╚╔╞╘ & ╙╨┴├┼][├= & ─]
[├= & ╒][╙╚╔╞╘ & @]",8
╫HEN THE DIRECTORY IS LISTED, YOU WILL SEE:
"╬┴═┼",8: ╨╥╟
┴LL YOU NEED TO DO IS CURSOR TO THE LINE AND TYPE ╠╧┴─
AND PRESS ╥┼╘╒╥╬.
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┼┴╙┘ ═┴├╚╔╬┼ ╠┴╬╟╒┴╟┼ ╨╥╧╟╥┴═ ╠╧┴─╔╬╟
╘O MAKE MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMS EASY TO LOAD,
YOU CAN RENAME THEM A SPECIAL WAY:
╧╨┼╬15,8,15
╨╥╔╬╘#15,"╥0:╬┼╫╬┴═┼[╙╚╔╞╘ & ╙╨┴├┼]
[├=&─][├=&─]:├=&┼]=╧╠─╬┴═┼"
├╠╧╙┼15
╫HEN THE DIRECTORY IS LISTED, YOU WILL SEE:
"╬┴═┼",8,1 ╨╥╟
┴LL YOU NEED TO DO IS CURSOR TO THE LINE, TYPE ╠╧┴─ AND
PRESS ╥┼╘╒╥╬.
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╠╧┴─ ╞╔╥╙╘ ╞╔╠┼ ╧╬ ─╔╙╦┼╘╘┼
╘HE COMMAND ╠╧┴─"*",8 WILL LOAD THE FIRST PROGRAM ON YOUR DISKETTE
WHEN YOU FIRST TURN THE SYSTEM ON. ┴FTER OTHER PROGRAMS HAVE BEEN
LOADED, IT WILL LOAD THE LAST PROGRAM LOADED. ╔F YOU CHANGE THE
COMMAND TO ╠╧┴─"0:*",8 IT WILL LOAD THE FIRST PROGRAM, REGARDLESS.
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╨╥╧╟╥┴═ ╨╥╧╘┼├╘╔╧╬
╘O "PROTECT" A SHORT ┬┴╙╔├ PROGRAM, SAVE IT USING BOTH OF THE
FOLLOWING COMMANDS:
╙┴╓┼"0:╬┴═┼,╙",8 [╥┼╘╒╥╬]
╙┴╓┼"0:╬┴═┼,╒",8 [╥┼╘╒╥╬]
╬OW LOAD THE DIRECTORY AND LIST IT. ╘HE TWO PROGRAMS WILL HAVE
BEEN SAVED WITH A ╙┼╤ AND ╒╙╥ FILE TYPE AFTER THE NAMES, AND
CANNOT BE LOADED BY NORMAL METHODS. ╔T CAN BE COPIED, BUT UNLESS
YOU KNOW HOW TO LOAD IT, YOU CAN'T USE IT. ╘O LOAD THE PROGRAMS ENTER:
╠╧┴─"0:╬┴═┼,╙",8
╠╧┴─"0:╬┴═┼,╒",8
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═╧╥┼ ╨╥╧╟╥┴═ ╨╥╧╘┼├╘╔╧╬
╫HEN YOU SAVE A PROGRAM, USE A ├╚╥$ CODE:
╙┴╓┼ ├╚╥$(0)+"╬┴═┼",8
╬OTE THE UNUSUAL WAY THE NAME IS SAVED IN THE DIRECTORY. ╘HE PROGRAM
MUST BE LOADED WITH THE ├╚╥$ CODE. ┼NTER THE FOLLOWING:
╠╧┴─ ├╚╥$(0)+"╬┴═┼",8
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(┼─╔╘╧╥'╙ ╬╧╘┼: ╔ HAVE COME ACROSS ENOUGH RECENT INFORMATION TO MAKE AT
LEAST ANOTHER ARTICLE ON THIS TOPIC. ╔T WILL BE IN THE NEXT ISSUE.)